Elder abuse may be defined as any type of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse committed against a senior citizen. Senior abuse can even result in death. It is often committed by someone who oversees caring for the elderly person. In the United States alone, more than half a million reports of elder abuse reach authorities every year, and many cases go unreported.

Abuse of the elderly can take place in institutional settings, particularly long-term care centers, nursing homes, and skilled nursing centers. Often in these settings, elders are harmed when loved ones are not around, which is a thinly veiled attempt at covering up such treatment. Elders can also be abused at home by family members, such as by spouses or adult children.

The physical and psychological effects of senior abuse will vary. Family members and friends should be on the lookout for unexplained injuries or conditions that linger for an extended period.

Physical signs of elder abuse may include:

• Welts, bruises, and cuts
• Dental issues
• Head injuries
• Bedsores
• Consistent physical pain and discomfort
• Nutrition and hydration concerns
• Sleep disruptions
• Worsening of preexisting health conditions

Psychological signs of elder abuse may include:

• High levels of distress and anxiety
• Withdrawal or increasing depression
• A dramatic change in sleeping or eating habits
• Confusion or contradictory statements
• A feeling of helplessness or hopelessness
• Signs of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Signs of elder abuse can be challenging to recognize or may be confused for symptoms of dementia or a senior’s frailty. Many of the signs and symptoms of elder neglect and abuse do overlap with symptoms of mental stress. It is important to be aware and involved, so you can prevent elder neglect and abuse from occurring in the first place.

As a caregiver or loved one, the following actions can help prevent elder neglect and abuse:

• Visit as often as you can, at random times.
• Hold the facility and caretaker accountable; monitor that staff is sufficient and attentive.
• Monitor the elder’s medications to make sure they are being taken according to the prescription from the doctor.
• Ask the elder if you can monitor their checking account and credit card statements for financial abuse and unauthorized transactions.
• Report suspected abuse to an elder attorney or the abuse hotline as soon as possible.

If you suspect harm of a senior, you should call an attorney who specializes in elder law immediately to get help with the reporting process. They will help you navigate the bureaucracy of filing a complaint with the local police department and protective services, as well as provide support for you during the investigation. Your lawyer will ensure the rights of your elder loved one and that you are legally protected throughout the entire process.